Pharmaceutical Microbiology Resources

Pharmaceutical Microbiology offers access to numerous free technical papers covering a wide range of topics in microbiology, pharmaceutical manufacturing, and quality control. The collection is refreshed frequently. Some of these papers are authored by Tim Sandle, while others have been contributed by visitors to the site.

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What Are Chemicals That Are Okay to Clean Your Home and Lab With?

1 week ago | pharmamicroresources.com | Tim Sandle

Lab cleaning. Image by Tim SandleKeeping your living areas and laboratory clean is necessaryfor health, safety, and effectiveness. Cleaning up regularly lowers the dangersof germs and helps to remove chemicals that can be harmful. Cleanedlaboratories offer controlled conditions for experiments and ensure that datais kept accurate without contamination. A clean home improves your well-beingby decreasing the risks of illnesses, allergies, and respiratory issues.
How to Audit Your Cryopreservation Workflow for Microbial Risks

2 weeks ago | pharmamicroresources.com | Tim Sandle

Tubes of biological samples being placed in liquid nitrogen. Image by Dr. Vereczkey Attila CC BY-SA 3.0Cryopreservation is an essential technology forpharmaceutical companies because it effectively preserves delicate biologicalsamples. Storage systems are elaborate and sensitive, requiring specifictemperature settings and no contaminants.
The Toxins Within Smoke and Soot

2 weeks ago | pharmamicroresources.com | Tim Sandle

Image: Soot by sunlight, by Tim Sandle. We all have a basic notion of what smoke is. For example,maybe you have witnessed a home on fire. You see flames coming out of a windowor a roof, but mostly, what you see are billowing clouds of black, grayish and evensome white smoke. After firefighters extinguish the blaze, the floors,furniture, ceiling, carpets and just about everything inside the structure willbe coated in black soot. The difference between smoke and soot is distinct.
Aseptic Process Simulations: A look at the essential features

1 month ago | pharmamicroresources.com | Tim Sandle

Aseptic processing (image by Tim Sandle)In terms of sterility assurance, aseptic processing is a more hazardous pharmaceutical process to conduct compared with terminally sterilised products since should microbial contamination occur during dispensing the product, due to its inherent nature, cannot be subjected to a post-filling sterilization process.
AI-Driven Calibration Tools Are Transforming Sterility Assurance

1 month ago | pharmamicroresources.com | Tim Sandle

Sensor. Image by Filya1 - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=6304562New sensor technologies offer greater accuracy than ever when verifying sterility in pharmaceutical environments. However, issues like calibration drift stand in the way of that reliability. Even the most sophisticated monitoring tools can slowly become less precise over time. Calibration is the obvious solution, but it is not a foolproof process, so errors are still possible.
Means, Ranges and Replicates: Improving Microbial Plate Counting

1 month ago | pharmamicroresources.com | Tim Sandle

A microbial colony is a visible cluster of microorganisms growing on the surface of or within a solid medium. This may be from a single cell or an amalgam of the same organism of more than one cell or a mix of different organisms. Bioburden levels are commonly measured when conventional methods are deployed in terms of colony-forming units (CFUs).
From Flat to Functional: Recreating Human Microbial Environments with 3D Bioprinting

1 month ago | pharmamicroresources.com | Tim Sandle

Image: Bioprinting of 3D Convoluted Renal Proximal Tubules on Perfusable Chips.Source: Homan K, Kolesky D, Skylar-Scott M, Herrmann J, Obuobi H, Moisan A, Lewis J (2016). "Bioprinting of 3D Convoluted Renal Proximal Tubules on Perfusable Chips". Scientific Reports. DOI:10.1038/srep34845Not all microorganisms are harmful. In fact, our body naturally hosts tiny organisms like bacteria, viruses, and fungi that play essential roles in maintaining our health.
How Vaccines Are Shaping the Global Public Health Landscape

1 month ago | pharmamicroresources.com | Tim Sandle

Vaccines have long stood as one of the most powerful tools in the arsenal of public health. From eradicating smallpox to curbing the spread of polio and mitigating the devastating effects of COVID-19, immunizations continue to transform the health trajectories of entire populations. As the 21st century unfolds, vaccines are not only protecting billions from infectious diseases but are also reshaping global healthcare systems, economies, and policy frameworks.
CGMP Requirements For Automated Facility Monitoring Systems

1 month ago | pharmamicroresources.com | Tim Sandle

Monitoring systems (image by Tim Sandle)In pharmaceuticals and healthcare, “facility” refers to the operational space, such as a cleanroom. The critical controls that maintain the facility are delivered through key utilities like air handling systems. To assess facility control, most organizations use facility monitoring systems (FMSs) to monitor the manufacturing workspaces continuously.
Addressing human factors in decontamination

2 months ago | pharmamicroresources.com | Tim Sandle

Ensuring that surgical processing departments are well-run is of great importance, as these departments are responsible for decontaminating reusable surgical equipment and for delivering it, as required, to operating theatres. Decontamination involves several processes, occurring within dedicated facilities, including cleaning, disinfection and sterilisation, which ensures reusable surgical instruments are safe for further use on patients.