Aerospace Medicine

Aug 17, 2024 | physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com | Patrick Swain |Aerospace Medicine |Nick Caplan |Luke Hughes

1 INTRODUCTION Astronauts experience a wide range of adaptations upon entering the spaceflight environment, including musculoskeletal and cardiovascular deconditioning, impaired sensorimotor performance, orthostatic intolerance, altered immune response and spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (Crucian et al., 2018; Jirak et al., 2022; Lee et al., 2020; Qaisar et al., 2020; Stavnichuk et al., 2020; Vernice et al., 2020).