Alexander V. Kartashov

Aug 11, 2024 | mdpi.com | Yury Ivanov |Alexandra I. Ivanova |Alexander V. Kartashov |Vladimir Kuznetsov

1. IntroductionEnvironmental pollution is currently one of the most serious challenges. In particular, owing to high rates of urbanization and industrialization, soil contamination with toxic heavy metal(loid)s (TMs) has become a worldwide problem [1,2,3]. TMs represent a special group of pollutants because they are not subject to biodegradation or destruction [4]. As a result, TMs can accumulate in soil at extremely high levels, as has been observed in various regions of the world [5,6,7].