Alina Bykova

Nov 17, 2024 | drishtikone.com | Alina Bykova |Desh Kapoor

“Therefore any cruelty has to be executed at once, so that the less it is tasted, the less it offends; while benefits must be dispensed little by little, so that they will be savored all the more.” ― Niccolò Machiavelli, The PrinceConstantinople. The bridge between Europe and Asia. The gatekeeper of the Bosporus. Under the Byzantine Empire, it thrived. Strategically vital, yet untouched by the flames of war. Until the Fourth Crusade. The Crusaders marched, but not to Jerusalem.

Aug 14, 2024 | e-ir.info | Alina Bykova

For centuries, the Arctic has been a source of economic and symbolic pride for the Russian state. Over one-fourth of Russia’s landmass is located in the Arctic or sub-Arctic regions (McCannon, 1998, 4). In 2014, twenty percent of the Russian GDP came from north of the Arctic Circle (Laruelle, 2014, xxi), and today, ninety-five percent of the nation’s gas reserves, as well as seventy-five percent of the oil reserves are located above the sixtieth parallel north (Blakkisrud and Honneland, 2006, 12).

Aug 14, 2024 | qoshe.com | Alina Bykova

For centuries, the Arctic has been a source of economic and symbolic pride for the Russian state. Over one-fourth of Russia’s landmass is located in the Arctic or sub-Arctic regions (McCannon, 1998, 4). In 2014, twenty percent of the Russian GDP came from north of the Arctic Circle (Laruelle, 2014, xxi), and today, ninety-five percent of the nation’s gas reserves, as well as seventy-five percent of the oil reserves are located above the sixtieth parallel north (Blakkisrud and Honneland, 2006, 12).

Jun 12, 2024 | thearcticinstitute.org | Alina Bykova

Back to Publications Article, Defense and Security, Politics and Strategy A Dutch Marine participates in amphibious landing training in March 2024 as part of NATO’s Nordic Response exercise. The exercise brought 20,000 soldiers from 13 NATO member states to the Norwegian Arctic.

Jun 12, 2024 | thearcticinstitute.org | Alina Bykova

Back to Publications Article, Defense and Security, Politics and Strategy US Marines participate in NATO exercise Cold Response in northern Norway, March 2024. NATO has held training exercises in Arctic Norway since the 1950s. Photo: NATO North Atlantic Treaty OrganizationThe North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) turned 75 years old in April.