Almudena Azcárate Ortega

Jan 23, 2025 | cigionline.org | Almudena Azcárate Ortega |Victoria Samson

Ever since humankind first launched objects into space, counterspace capabilities (also known as “space weapons”) were developed to disrupt or destroy them. Now that space is increasingly being used for both civilian and military applications, space technologies have evolved to meet these needs, but regulations to protect space have lagged behind.

Aug 15, 2023 | unidir.org | Almudena Azcárate Ortega |Victoria Samson

One challenge to advancing space security is the absence of common understandings around frequently used terminology. To facilitate a shared understanding of key topics and terms, UNIDIR and SWF have developed a Lexicon for Outer Space Security. This document aims to serve as a global reference point for terminological issues related to space security.

Jun 5, 2023 | lawfareblog.com | Almudena Azcárate Ortega

The dual nature of many space systems is considered by many members of the international community to be a significant issue of concern that can pose challenges to space security, hampering efforts to protect space systems from possible threats. As states work to establish international legal and regulatory frameworks for space security, this duality presents an important block in the road that has states disagreeing on how best to regulate them.