Angus Quinton

Mar 4, 2024 | onlinelibrary.wiley.com | Monica Barratt |Matthew Ball |Angus Quinton

1 INTRODUCTION Prohibited drugs (e.g. cocaine, MDMA, ketamine, heroin, etc.) sold in unregulated markets do not always contain the advertised substance [1-3]. Adulteration, where unexpected substances are added to expected substances, and substitution, where an unexpected substance is misrepresented as an expected substance [4], are both associated with higher levels of risk [5, 6].