Benedikt Schmuelling

Nov 8, 2024 | mdpi.com | Alexander Popp |Benedikt Schmuelling |Sahar Qaadan

1. IntroductionElectric vehicles and portable electronics have rapidly developed a demand for efficient and reliable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in the market. Longevity, durability, and performance are greatly important for customer satisfaction in LIBs and technological development. Accurate estimation of a battery’s SOH is crucial for optimizing the battery usage and preventing sudden failures, which have great economic consequences and safety risks [1,2].