Bonan Hao

Aug 15, 2024 | onlinelibrary.wiley.com | Jingnan Song |Rui Zeng |Zhenyu Li |Bonan Hao

1 Introduction The global development of hydrogen energy makes the proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) a crucial technology for delivering clean energy with high efficiency and high energy density.[1, 2] PEMFCs have broad applications in transportation, distributed power stations, and commercial electronic devices.[3, 4] PEMFCs are composed of cathode, anode, and proton exchange membrane (PEM).