Chaohuan Lin

Jan 13, 2025 | onlinelibrary.wiley.com | Hao Zhang |Chaohuan Lin |Ying'ao Chen |Xianrui Shen

1 Introduction Recent medical research has revealed that cancer results from the dysfunction of related dynamic systems [1]. From a systems biology perspective, cancer is triggered by state transitions in key cancer driver genes. These transitions disrupt molecular networks, such as gene regulatory networks, protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks and signal transduction pathways, which control molecular functions and cellular processes [2].