Chaoyue Chen

2 weeks ago | mdpi.com | TAO XU |Chaoyue Chen

1. IntroductionThe rapid advancement of the low-altitude economy has driven the widespread deployment of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) systems across sectors such as smart logistics [1], precision agriculture [2], and military operations [3]. However, large-scale implementation faces significant technical challenges. According to the 2023 annual report of the International UAV Systems Association, the global commercial UAV market is projected to surpass USD 120 billion by 2025.