Christina M. Thaler

Oct 4, 2023 | jacc.org | Christina M. Thaler |Dawn R. Witt |Susan Casey |Angela M. Kelle

Background Congenital heart disease (CHD) patients with right ventricle (RV)–to–pulmonary artery (PA) conduit placement or pulmonary valve replacement (PVR) have high incidence of infective endocarditis (IE).1,2 Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is the primary imaging modality to image cardiac valves for vegetation, which is a major IE diagnostic criterion.2,3 Clear echocardiographic imaging of the pulmonary conduit and pulmonary valve (PV) is challenging because of imaging artifacts,...