Cody Kermanian

1 month ago | jdsupra.com | Benjamin Gibson |Phil Goldberg |Cody Kermanian

The landmark decision alters the NPDES permit landscape, shifting the focus to specific actions over general outcomes. On March 4, 2025, the US Supreme Court issued its decision in City and County of San Francisco v. Environmental Protection Agency, 145 S.Ct. 704 (2025), which held that while the Clean Water Act (CWA) authorizes the inclusion of narrative (non-numeric) criteria in National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits, it does not authorize “end-result” requirements.