Edward C. Tolman

Jul 3, 2024 | sciencedirect.com | Mark Blades |Michael O'Neill |Charles Spence |Edward C. Tolman

In the modern world, many individuals spend up to 95 % of their time indoors [11]. We often face challenges when navigating such interior environments, particularly within more complex structures such as hospitals, transit hubs, and educational facilities [12]. Thus, effective navigation within these settings becomes a crucial aspect of facilitating daily activities.