Elizabeth Kobe

Sep 26, 2023 | mdpi.com | Elizabeth Kobe |Ishaque Hameed |Marat Fudim |Todd McVeigh

1. IntroductionHeart failure (HF) represents an increasing clinical, social, and financial burden worldwide. The global prevalence of heart failure is estimated to be 64 million, including 6.7 million in the United States (U.S.) [1,2,3]. In 2012, the economic cost of HF within the U.S. was estimated to be USD 30.7 billion, with projections to increase to USD 69.8 billion by 2030 [4,5].