Elsayed Hussein

Jan 10, 2025 | onlinelibrary.wiley.com | Mohamed Kamal |Heba M. Salem |Rashed A. Alhotan |Elsayed Hussein

1 Introduction Poultry is highly susceptible to Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) infections, which often initiate within eggs and persist as a potential source of contagion for other birds within the farm (Marouf et al. 2022; Kamal et al. 2019). This bacterium colonizes various avian secretions, including the respiratory, ocular, and cloacal areas, as well as eggs and semen, utilizing multiple pathways for avian entry, such as the trachea, conjunctiva and oral cavity (Kleven 2008; Hu et al. 2021).