Emily J. Morey

Sep 23, 2023 | incose.onlinelibrary.wiley.com | Kevin Galvin |Thales Research |Thomas Riley |Emily J. Morey

1 INTRODUCTION There is an ever-increasing awareness of climate change and its impacts, especially since the publication of the IPPC Climate Change 2021 Report,1 which states that “in the next 20 years, global temperatures are expected to reach or exceed 1.5° C of warming”.1 Hence there is a significant need for a large-scale reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. One contributory solution is the modal shift from road to rail, particularly within freight.