Enrico Gallazzi

Oct 18, 2023 | frontiersin.org | Laura Scaramuzzo |Luigi Aurelio Nasto |Federico Solla |Enrico Gallazzi

Introduction Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), defined as a Cobb angle of at least 10°, affects 1%–3% of adolescents (1, 2). When the Cobb angle of the primary curve is greater than 45° together with exacerbated symptoms and functional capabilities, surgery is the optimal option (3, 4). Long posterior instrumentation has been widely applied in treating AIS because it can provide planar correction in three planes and stable fixation (5–8).

Jun 22, 2023 | frontiersin.org | Schulthess Clinic |Luca Maria |Enrico Gallazzi

1. Introduction The vertebral endplate is a crucial structure situated between the vertebral body and the intervertebral disc. It serves as a mechanical interface between the rigid bone and the flexible disc, playing a vital role in maintaining the morphological integrity and physiological function of the disc. Traditionally, most endplate pathologies or lesions were classified as Schmorl's nodes, which refer to the protrusion of disc tissue through the endplate into the vertebral marrow (1).