Ernesto Bautista Thompson

Oct 24, 2023 | mdpi.com | Omer Ali |Qamar Abbas |Khalid Mahmood |Ernesto Bautista Thompson

1. IntroductionParticle swarm optimization (PSO) was initially introduced by Kennedy and Eberhart [1]. PSO is a simple stochastic searching technique for optimization that is motivated by the ordinary swarming comportment of bird clustering and fish schooling. The performance of PSO in finding virtuous solutions for optimization problems is very good. The PSO algorithm has the advantage of fast convergence, easy code implementation, less computational complexity, and few parameter adjustments [2,3].