Fenkai Zhang

Jun 15, 2024 | agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com | Long Tang |Fenkai Zhang |Wu Chen

1 Introduction The development of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) data networks has offered an effective way to monitor the ionosphere continuously in the last two decades. Many two-dimensional ionospheric total electron content (TEC) models are constructed based on dual-frequency GNSS measurements, including the global ionospheric map (GIM) (e.g., Mannucci et al., 1998; Schaer, 1999).