Gangsheng Li

Jul 31, 2023 | mdpi.com | Yaning Wang |Haibo Yu |Ling Zhang |Gangsheng Li

1. IntroductionHigh-frequency surface wave radar (HFSWR) operates in the high-frequency band (3–30 MHz) and is capable of the over-the-horizon detection of targets beyond the line of sight [1]. With its advantages of long observation distance, large coverage area, and all-weather operation, it plays an important role in vessel target monitoring and large-scale ocean exploration [2]. Shipborne HFSWR, as a new radar system, has more detection flexibility.