Guanghua Zhang

Nov 28, 2023 | mdpi.com | Guanghua Zhang |Xiqian Zhang |Shasha Dai |Linghao Zeng

1. IntroductionTarget tracking plays an important role in both civilian and military fields [1,2,3,4]. It aims to estimate the kinematic state (e.g., position, velocity and acceleration) of a target in real time [5]. Target tracking problems are usually solved in the framework of state-space models, and the state estimation can be obtained by solving the filtering problem of a state-space model. The hidden Markov chain (HMC) model is the most commonly used state-space model for target tracking.