Guanwen Li

Nov 9, 2024 | mdpi.com | Guanwen Li |Yang Wu |Wenjing Chen |ZIWEN ZHAO

All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess.

Aug 18, 2023 | mdpi.com | Zhiwei Li |Yunfei Li |Yujie Luo |Guanwen Li

1. IntroductionThe ubiquitin–proteasome pathway (UPP) is the most broadly effective mechanism for modulating a broad range of cellular physiology, including antigen presentation [1,2], homeostasis [3,4], circadian rhythm [5,6], signal transduction [7,8], protein trafficking [9,10], cell differentiation [11,12], immune defense [13,14], and inflammation [15].