Gunter Stober

Mar 27, 2024 | agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com | Huixin Liu |Gunter Stober |Dimitry Pokhotelov |Florian Günzkofer

1 Introduction Heating in the upper atmosphere is caused by several different mechanisms and their respective impacts vary strongly with geomagnetic activity and location. Ionospheric modeling and space weather prediction require understanding and accurately describing these processes such as energetic particle precipitation or absorption of extreme ultraviolet and soft X-ray radiation.