Gyeongseob Seo

Mar 19, 2024 | mdpi.com | Beomjun Kim |Myungsuk Kim |Gyeongseob Seo

1. IntroductionNAND flash memory has played an important role in realizing various innovative digital products such as digital cameras, smart-phones, and ultra-high-capacity SSDs [1,2]. Especially since the late 2000’s, 3D vertical-NAND (VNAND) flash memory [3,4,5,6] has been a key technology for sustaining a continuous capacity growth in flash-based storage systems by overcoming various technical challenges in scaling 2D NAND flash memory [7,8].