Hae-In Choi

Aug 27, 2024 | mdpi.com | Hae-In Choi |Jinyoung Choi |Jin Kim |Yoon Ha Lee

1. IntroductionBreast cancer is one of the most prevalent and challenging malignancies worldwide, with significant morbidity and mortality rates among women. In 2022, breast cancer accounted for approximately 670,000 deaths globally, with 2.3 million women new cases diagnosed [1]. Specifically, the estrogen receptor (ER) has two subtypes, ERα and ERβ, which play crucial roles in the development of breast cancer.