Haipeng Wang

Mar 16, 2025 | mdpi.com | Yangang Bi |Shirong Wang |Haipeng Wang |Congfang Wang

All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess.

Jan 12, 2025 | pubs.acs.org | Haipeng Wang

Jan 1, 2025 | mdpi.com | Haipeng Wang

1. IntroductionSynthetic aperture radar (SAR) is an all-weather and all-time active microwave sensor for high-resolution earth observation that images by emitting coherent electromagnetic waves to the surface and receiving scattered echoes [1]. And it is critically important in both military and civil applications such as reconnaissance, terrain mapping, and disaster assessment [2].

Nov 29, 2024 | mdpi.com | Cheng Zeng |Haipeng Wang

All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess.

Nov 21, 2024 | mdpi.com | Shuai Yu |Haipeng Wang |Yuqing Liu |Song Hu

1. IntroductionAlong with the growth of the population and the continually increasing consumption of various resources, global environmental problems are becoming more and more prominent. In 2023, energy-related carbon dioxide emissions were 37.4 billion tons worldwide, of which transportation accounted for about a quarter of the total [1]. Meanwhile, rapid global urbanization results in higher traffic volumes and accidents that negatively affect daily life, especially in metropolitan areas [2,3].