Haizhen Wen

Oct 31, 2024 | mdpi.com | Haizhen Wen |Bin Zhang |Shuyuan Li |Ling Zhang

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May 2, 2024 | sciencedirect.com | Ling Zhang |Feng Yuan |Jiawei Wu |Haizhen Wen

Although some American central cities have rich enclaves, high-income residents in U.S. urban areas tend to live in the suburbs. This pattern is often reversed, however, outside the U.S. A prime example is the Paris metropolitan area, where the central city has higher average income than the surrounding suburbs. The contrast between the Parisian case and the case of Detroit, a major U.S. metropolitan area, is shown in Table 1.