Haleema Saadia

Sep 26, 2024 | southasianvoices.org | Nasir Mehmood |Hely Desai |Haleema Saadia

India and Pakistan have not held significant bilateral arms control talks since 2008, constituting the longest period without such discussions since the 1980s. There are two plausible policy explanations for this. First, India and Pakistan typically discuss arms control as part of their composite security dialogue, which the two sides have not been able to properly conduct for over a decade and a half due to several factors, particularly the lingering issue of Kashmir.

Sep 7, 2024 | southasianvoices.org | Hely Desai |Haleema Saadia

Once considered a factor of stability during the height of the Cold War, the global arms control architecture is now all but crumbling. In South Asia, arms control has always remained elusive, and the prospects for the future seem slimmer than ever. To Pakistani scholar Zafar Nawaz Jaspal, however, bilateral arms control between India and Pakistan is still South Asia’s best bet.

Mar 13, 2024 | stimson.org | Haleema Saadia |Joaquin Matamis

Nuclear adversaries resort to nuclear confidence-building measures (NCBMs) to promote trust and reduce tensions. NCBMs are essential tools for mitigating the likelihood of accidental or intentional nuclear escalation. Since India and Pakistan nuclearized in 1998, the relationship between the two countries has been characterized by the ever-present threat of a military confrontation escalating to the nuclear level. Both states instituted an NCBM regime through four key agreements.

Dec 18, 2023 | southasianvoices.org | Haleema Saadia

بھارت اور پاکستان کے درمیان جوہری اعتماد سازی کے اقدامات (این سی بی ایم) کے ادارہ جاتی نظام کی عدم موجودگی ان دو جوہری ہتھیاروں سے لیس ہمسایہ ممالک کے درمیان بحرانات سے نمٹنے کے مؤثر انتظام کی راہ میں ایک رکاوٹ ہے۔ ۲۰۱۹ کے پلوامہ بالاکوٹ بحران اور ۲۰۲۲ کے حادثاتی برہموس میزائل لانچ جیسی مثالیں اس اہم کردار کو اُجاگرکرتی ہیں جو این سی بی ایم تناؤ کو کم کرنے اور مستقبل کے بحرانات کو روکنے میں ادا کرسکتے ہیں۔ اس پس منظر میں، این سی بی ایم کے ایک مضبوط ادارہ جاتی نظام کا قیام اس بات کو یقینی...

Nov 19, 2023 | southasiajournal.net | South Asian Voices |Haleema Saadia |Ladhu R. Choudhary

The absence of an institutionalized Nuclear Confidence-Building Measures (NCBMs) regime between India and Pakistan is an obstacle to the effective management of crises between these two nuclear-armed neighbors. Instances like the 2019 Pulwama-Balakot crisis and the 2022 accidental BrahMos missile launch underscore the critical role that NCBMs could play in diffusing tensions and preventing future crises.