Hanna L. Tuomisto

Oct 29, 2024 | nature.com | Saeed Rahimpour |Mohammad El-Wali |Hanna L. Tuomisto |Mari Lundström |Iryna Makarava |Andrzej Kraslawski

The social risks of green energy transition are underexplored. One of the important questions is which materials used in green energy technologies offer the greatest social benefits, such as ensuring decent living conditions, and which pose the most social risks. To address this issue, we develop a dynamic material-energy flow model integrating system dynamics, social life cycle assessment, and geometallurgical approaches. The analysis focuses on critical materials: Rare Earth Elements, Nickel, Silicon, Graphite, Magnesium, Gallium, Germanium, Indium, Aluminum, Cobalt, Lithium, Zinc, and Tellurium used in wind turbines, electric vehicles, lithium-ion batteries and solar photovoltaic panels. We assess their social impact on work safety, gender equality, informal employment, labor income share, employment rate, and child labor—key issues addressed by Sustainable Development Goals 1, 5, and 8. Here we show that Aluminum production for electric vehicles, wind turbines and solar photovoltaic panels generates the most jobs and income opportunities, while extraction of Cobalt, Lithium, Silicon, and Zinc carry the highest social risks. This study identifies materials used in green energy technologies with the most social benefits and risks. Aluminum production creates the most jobs while cobalt, lithium, silicon and zinc pose the highest risks including child labor and unsafe work conditions.

Oct 1, 2024 | nature.com | Bruno Garcia Luize |Hanna L. Tuomisto |Ted R. Feldpausch |Nicolás Castaño Arboleda |Chris Baraloto |Julien Engel | +23 more

AbstractWe describe the geographical variation in tree species composition across Amazonian forests and show how environmental conditions are associated with species turnover. Our analyses are based on 2023 forest inventory plots (1 ha) that provide abundance data for a total of 5188 tree species. Within-plot species composition reflected both local environmental conditions (especially soil nutrients and hydrology) and geographical regions.