Hansal Desai

1 month ago | tandfonline.com | Riya Patel |Hansal Desai

AbstractMicroneedles (MNs) offer a minimally invasive alternative to conventional patch-based and injection-based drug delivery methods. By bypassing first-pass metabolism and enhancing skin permeability, MNs significantly improve drug bioavailability. Their applications span vaccine administration, chronic disease management, and cosmetic treatments. Five major types of MNs have been identified, each with distinct mechanisms of action.