Hiroki Oba

Aug 28, 2023 | mdpi.com | Jun C. Takahashi |Kanji Mori |Hiroki Oba |Tetsuhiko Mimura

1. IntroductionAdolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a relatively common three-dimensional spinal deformity [1]. AIS occurs in approximately 2–3% of the general population [2]. Patients with thoracic AIS typically have hypokyphotic thoracic spines compared to the same-aged normal population. Several studies have analyzed the relationship between lumbar lordosis (LL) and thoracic kyphosis (TK) [3,4,5,6].