Hongying Wen

Sep 20, 2024 | magonlinelibrary.com | Jie Zeng |Yijing Wang |Hongying Wen

Introduction Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become a global public health issue, with a prevalence rate of 10.8% in China (Wang et al, 2023). When CKD progresses to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), renal replacement therapy is required, with maintenance haemodialysis (MHD) being one of the primary treatment modalities (Evans et al, 2022).