Huaxu Zhang

Oct 18, 2024 | mdpi.com | Xin Huang |Jiaqi Guo |Huaxu Zhang |Zonglei Zhang

1. IntroductionThe comprehensive and systematic execution of China’s “the Belt and Road Initiative” has resulted in a significant transfer of numerous transportation infrastructure and underground space development projects to the Western region and in strategically important areas along the designated route. Particularly complex geological conditions characterize these locations [1]. Numerous tunneling projects are currently in progress or are set to commence [2].