INRAE Montpellier France

Mar 28, 2025 | nsojournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com | Maxime Lenormand |INRAE Montpellier France |Jean-Baptiste Féret |Guillaume Papuga

Introduction Ecosystems are dynamic complexes of plant, animal, and micro-organism communities and their abiotic environments that interact as a functional unit. Given the unprecedented nature of climate change, biological diversity is facing serious threats on a global scale (Cardinale et al. 2012). Indeed, at least 25% of species are threatened with extinction, and most indicators of the state of nature suggest that they are also declining rapidly (Díaz et al. 2019, Tickner et al. 2020).