Jeannine Degnan

Mar 8, 2024 | spiedigitallibrary.org | Jason SMith |Jason Smith |Booz Allen Hamilton |Chao Liu |Jeannine Degnan

1. IntroductionDrug development is currently arduous and costly.1,2 Therefore, rapid, cost-effective evaluation of drug candidates in translationally relevant in vitro model systems is highly desirable. Concurrently, tumor and patient heterogeneity present a difficult barrier to accurate drug efficacy determination. For this, patient-specific assays are currently under development. In vitro models with increasing translational relevance include spheroids, organoids, and excised primary tumor tissue.