Jianyong Yuan

Jun 25, 2024 | sciencedirect.com | Xiaoyue Xiao |Yanyan Liu |Jianyong Yuan |Yuchen Zhang

Proteins are the fundamental organic molecules constituting cells, playing a pivotal role in life processes (Li et al., 2023). They are biopolymers composed of one or more polypeptide chains and can be categorized into proteins that are indispensable and those that are dispensable (Kuhlman and Bradley, 2019). Essential proteins are integral to cellular metabolism, differentiation, and apoptosis processes (Arfin et al., 2021).