Jizhixian Liu

Aug 27, 2024 | mdpi.com | Junzhou Huang |Jizhixian Liu |Kai Guo |Shan Yang

1. IntroductionCurrently, many cities face severe transportation issues, with above-ground transportation space no longer meeting public needs. To alleviate surface traffic congestion and reduce environmental pollution, urban areas worldwide are actively developing and utilizing underground spaces. However, underground construction inevitably causes ground settlement and cracks [1,2]. When underground construction intersects with complex structures, it can impact other underground structures.