Johnny Sung

Jul 12, 2023 | mdpi.com | Ying Xin |Johnny Sung |Keith Wai-Yeung Kwong

1. IntroductionThe development of vaccines was one of the most important breakthroughs in healthcare and medicine. Preceding Edward Jenner’s creation of the smallpox vaccine [1], infectious diseases had killed countless people. Since then, vaccines have had a profound impact, saving millions of lives by eradicating the spread of devastating diseases such as polio [2], measles, and diphtheria [3]. As a result, vaccines have been considered among the most effective public health interventions.