Kabindra M Shakya

Oct 7, 2024 | phys.org | Kabindra M Shakya |Aimee L. Eggler

The air quality in the City Hall subway station in downtown Philadelphia is much worse than on the sidewalks directly above the station. That is a key finding of our new study published in the Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology.

Oct 7, 2024 | theconversation.com | Aimee L. Eggler |Kabindra M Shakya

Researchers found 10 times more black carbon on the 15th Street/City Hall subway platform than on the sidewalk above.

Aug 14, 2024 | nature.com | Maeve Malone |Alex Bruno |Aimee L. Eggler |Michael Posner |Kabindra M Shakya |Anjum Shahina Karim

Subways are popular and efficient modes of transportation in cities. However, people are exposed to high levels of particulate matter (PM) in subways. Subway air quality in the United States has been investigated in a few cities, but data is lacking on simultaneous measurement of several pollutants, especially ultrafine particles (UFP) and black carbon (BC), in combination with different size fractions of PM. The goals of this study are to assess air quality in a belowground subway and compare it with outdoor ambient levels, to examine temporal variability of PM in the subway, and to analyze the correlation between PM and BC. Particulate matter of varying sizes (PM1, PM2.5, PM10), UFP, and BC were measured using DustTrak, nanoparticle detector, and micro aethalometer, respectively. Measurements were made at the belowground subway platform and the aboveground street level at 15th Street subway station in Philadelphia during summer 2022. Belowground mean PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 were 112.2 ± 61.3 µg/m3, 120 ± 65.5 µg/m3, and 182.1 ± 132 µg/m3, respectively, which were 5.4, 5.7, and 7.6 times higher than the respective aboveground street levels. The UFP lung deposited surface area (LDSA) (59.4 ± 36.2 µm2/cm3) and BC (9.5 ± 5.4 μg/m3) belowground were 1.7 times and 10.7 times higher than the aboveground. The pollutant concentration varied from day-to-day on both the locations. A higher positive correlation was found between the belowground BC and PM2.5 (r = 0.51, p < 0.05) compared to the aboveground (r = 0.16, p < 0.05). This study showed high levels of particulate matter exposure at a belowground subway station in Philadelphia. Particulate matter levels were about 5 to 8 times higher at belowground subway station than the corresponding aboveground street level. Higher levels were also observed for UFP lung deposited surface area (LDSA), while black carbon levels showed the highest concentration at the belowground level by a factor of ten compared to the aboveground level. The study shows the need for air quality management at belowground subways to reduce particulate matter exposure for the commuters.

Feb 23, 2024 | mdpi.com | Maeve Malone |Kabindra M Shakya |K. M

1. IntroductionCommunity gardens in urban environments have been increasing in popularity across the United States in recent decades [,,,,]. There are multiple potential reasons for this uptick in interest in shared community cultivation. Cities, especially in environmental justice areas, are often the areas where there is a lack of access to nutritious and fresh food due to fresh produce not being available in these neighborhoods [].