Laila A. Damiati

Dec 5, 2024 | sciencedirect.com | Laila A. Damiati |Matthew Dalby |Shital S. Shendage |Anil Vithal Ghule

Delayed healing of critical-sized bone defects caused by trauma, infection, and tumor resection can lead to secondary infection, shock, bone nonunion, and traumatic ossification, all of which seriously affect patients’ health and survival. Metal prostheses, especially titanium (Ti) and its alloys, are extensively used in bone surgical remediation because of their superior physicochemical characteristics and biocompatibility [1], [2].