Liqing Zhou

Apr 25, 2024 | mdpi.com | Yinhang Wang |Liqing Zhou |Liang Chu |Di Zhao

1. IntroductionWith the development of science and technology, smart and low-carbon environmental protection have become the mainstream trend of future automobile development. Electric vehicles are the ideal platform for developing smart automobiles and have attracted much attention and research due to their clean, efficient, and energy-saving characteristics.