Lora Saalman

Dec 5, 2024 | sipri.org | Larisa Saveleva Dovgal |Fei Su |Lora Saalman

Cyber risk reduction within and among China, Russia, the United States and the European Union has become increasingly important, while significantly more challenging. Despite their different threat landscapes, all four cyber actors face similar cyber risks and regulatory challenges, including on terminology, data transfer and trade flows, jurisdictional tensions and penalty enforcement.

Sep 26, 2024 | sipri.org | Lora Saalman |Fei Su |Larisa Saveleva Dovgal

The Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) hosted over 35 experts from China, Russia, the United States and the European Union for a two-day workshop on cyber risk reduction. Held at SIPRI in Stockholm, Sweden, on 12–13 September under the Chatham House Rule, the workshop forms part of a broader SIPRI project supported by the German Federal Foreign Office.

Aug 13, 2024 | sipri.org | Lora Saalman |Fei Su |Larisa Saveleva Dovgal

On 11 July SIPRI and the German Federal Foreign Office hosted an Open-Ended Working Group side event at the German Mission in New York to launch a new SIPRI report, ‘Cyber Risk Reduction in China, Russia, the United States and the European Union’. The hybrid panel featured a discussion among Chinese, European, Russian and US experts on their respective definitions and regulatory measures targeting cyber risk reduction.

Dec 8, 2023 | sipri.org | Fei Su |Larisa Saveleva Dovgal |Lora Saalman

While the European Union (EU) as a collective entity has not endorsed an offensive cyber posture, several of its member states have adopted both defensive and offensive activities and capabilities in cyberspace. In doing so, these member states mirror trends in China, Russia and the United States, which seem to possess increasingly similar strategies for balancing defensive and offensive cyber operations.

Nov 21, 2023 | sipri.org | Lora Saalman |Larisa Saveleva Dovgal |Fei Su

Cyber incidents that—whether due to human error, system malfunction or intentional targeting—impact satellite and missile systems extend beyond the ongoing war in Ukraine. These systems are essential to civilian and military operations and disrupting them has the potential to elicit conventional or even nuclear retaliation.