Luzhao Feng

Jan 9, 2025 | onlinelibrary.wiley.com | Natalie Wodniak |Thailand Ministry |Radhika Gharpure |Luzhao Feng

1 Background Seasonal influenza inflicts substantial economic burden on individuals, healthcare systems, and societies in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) [1-3]. This burden includes direct medical and nonmedical costs to households and health systems, primarily driven by hospitalizations, as well as indirect costs from productivity losses, and broader impacts to the economy through effects on trade and economic development [2].