Madelaine Quiroz

Dec 21, 2023 | onlinelibrary.wiley.com | Alberto J. Alaniz |Mario Carvajal |Pablo Vergara |Madelaine Quiroz

Aim Primary cavity nesters (e.g. woodpeckers) act as ecosystem engineers by providing tree cavities to several vertebrates that use them as nests or refuges. Although diverse assemblages of primary excavators are assumed to increase the number of tree cavities, environmental factors can limit populations of primary excavators, thus weakening their ecological function.