Mark O'Carroll

May 18, 2024 | onlinelibrary.wiley.com | Raymond Kim |Kristi Biswas |Brett Wagner Mackenzie |Mark O'Carroll

1 INTRODUCTION Bacterial biofilms are increasingly recognized as a feature of many chronic diseases of the head and neck, including chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), cystic fibrosis (CF), chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM), and osteoradionecrosis (ORN) following radiotherapy for head and neck malignancy.1-5 Biofilms act as a bacterial reservoir that is inaccessible to immune defenses and resistant to conventional antibiotics, leading to persistent infection.6 In CRS, Staphylococcus aureus...