Medina Mamtimin

Apr 9, 2023 | mdpi.com | Hans-Joachim Anders |Linus Kruk |Medina Mamtimin |Attila Braun

1. IntroductionRenal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for 95% of kidney-related malignancies and is considered a heterogeneous group of diseases that are classified according to their histological characteristics [1,2]. The clear-cell RCC (ccRCC) is the most predominant form, followed by non-clear-cell RCCs such as papillary (pRCC) and chromophobe (chRCC), clear-cell papillary (ccpRCC), collecting duct (cdRCC) and medullary (mRCC) and unclassified (uRCC) RCC types [2].