Michael Carbajales-Dale

May 7, 2023 | frontiersin.org | Michael Carbajales-Dale

Buildings are large consumers of energy worldwide. According to the International Energy Agency, buildings account for approximately 28% of global energy use and 32% of energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. More specifically, the residential sector accounts for a significant share of the overall energy demand for buildings, ranging from 50% to 70% depending on the country (Krarti et al., 2020; Krarti et al., 2020; Belaïd et al., 2020; Belaïd et al., 2022; Belaïd and Massié, 2022).

Apr 5, 2023 | frontiersin.org | De la Hoz |Josep Maria |Michael Carbajales-Dale

1 IntroductionToday’s environmental challenges force new approaches for climate and energy policies. Based on the Paris Agreement, most countries have fixed a set of new targets, such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions, increasing the energy efficiency or the share of renewable energy in the total gross final energy consumption. The industrial and transport (terrestrial, maritime and air) sectors are known to be relevant sectors to fulfil the climate objectives.