Mika Hilvo

Nov 23, 2024 | onlinelibrary.wiley.com | Mika Hilvo |Faiez Zannad |Angelika Witoslawska |Antti Jylhä

1 INTRODUCTION Heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome resulting from a cardiac disorder that can be associated with many cardiovascular (CV) diseases, such as coronary artery disease (CAD).1 HF is becoming a major health crisis with over 60 million people affected globally.2 With an increasing global prevalence of HF, the number of HF-related hospitalisations is also rising and any subsequent hospitalization increases the mortality risk of patients with HF.3 Ceramides (Cer) are a class of...