Ming-Dong Yuan

Nov 12, 2024 | mdpi.com | Hao Wu |Jiahao Yang |Xin Li |Ming-Dong Yuan

1. IntroductionDespite advancements in transportation infrastructure, the risk of traffic incidents involving pedestrians, electric bicycles, and motor vehicles, which can lead to further traffic accidents, remains substantial on highways in developed countries. A study conducted in Shanghai, China, revealed that traffic accidents in the city have a high likelihood of resulting in secondary accidents ranging from 50% to 75% [1].