Mithun Rudrapal

Mar 21, 2023 | frontiersin.org | Kai Qu |Hongwei Cheng |Mithun Rudrapal

BackgroundCombined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CCA) is characterized by the coexistence of biliary and hepatocellular differentiation (Nagtegaal et al., 2020). The incidence of cHCC-CCA among the other primary liver cancers varies from 0.4% to 14.2% (Seehawer et al., 2019). The clinical outcome is rather poor due to tumor aggressiveness, higher risk of recurrence, and extra-hepatic involvement.